Study Finds Jupiter Ultra Users Experience Fewer Sandwich Attacks Than Others

A recent study has revealed that users of Jupiter Ultra, a trading platform on the Solana blockchain, experience significantly fewer sandwich attacks compared to other trading terminals. Conducted by researchers from Category Labs, ETH Zurich, Flashbots, and the University of Lisbon, the study analyzed sandwich attack activity across six major blockchains, including Ethereum, Solana, and Tron, over a three-year period. The findings indicate that Solana has been particularly vulnerable, with 28 million sandwich attacks recorded during this time.

Sandwich attacks occur when a bot detects a pending trade, places a buy order to inflate the price, and then sells immediately after the trade executes, resulting in worse execution for the trader. The study employed an “excess ratio” to measure the frequency of these attacks on various platforms. Jupiter Ultra reported an excess ratio of 0.7, indicating that its users were less frequently targeted than expected, while competitors like Axiom and Photon showed ratios of 18.9 and 11.1, respectively.

The researchers attributed Jupiter Ultra's relative safety to features introduced in its Ultra V3 update, launched on October 17, 2025. These features include private routing, which conceals transaction details until execution, and dynamic slippage estimation, which adjusts tolerance levels in real time. The platform also utilizes advanced techniques such as “Iris meta-aggregation” and “Ultra Signaling” to enhance transaction privacy and execution quality. Despite these improvements, the study noted that sandwich attacks have not been entirely eliminated on Solana, as validators still pose a risk.

Overall, the research underscores the importance of application-level design choices in mitigating sandwich attacks, suggesting that the architecture of trading platforms can significantly influence user vulnerability, regardless of the underlying blockchain.

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Source: KLEA News