Important News from Last Night and This Morning (September 3-4)

Data: FOMO's daily revenue hits a record high of $1.21 million

As memecoin momentum continues to accelerate, FOMO's daily revenue hit a record high of $1.21 million on September 1.

Analyst: Bitcoin is forming a descending wedge on the daily timeframe, market expected to remain range-bound

Analyst Killa posted that Bitcoin is forming a descending wedge on the daily timeframe, and his plan remains unchanged, with the market expected to remain range-bound. Even if the pattern breaks out, one should be wary of a potential fake breakout, as the market has not yet experienced a sufficiently long period of range-bound trading. The market is range-bound about 80% of the time, with trending moves or pullbacks occurring 20% of the time. Given that the market has already experienced a strong rally, it is now more likely to enter a range-bound phase, so do not blindly chase rallies. Unless market action proves otherwise, the market will remain range-bound.

Digital currency network Cari completes $32.5 million first-round financing, with participation from First Horizon Bank and other banks

PANews, September 3 - According to Businesswire, Cari, a bank-led digital currency network, announced it has raised $32.5 million in its first external financing round, with all funds coming from banking institutions, including First Horizon Bank, Huntington Bank, KeyBank, M&T Bank, Old National Bank, SouthState Bank, and Glacier Bank, among others. Cari is built on an Ethereum-anchored permissioned Layer 2 blockchain and aims to help banks bring funds on-chain through shared infrastructure, providing programmable financial services. The new funds will be used to accelerate bank onboarding and integration, and to expand tokenized deposit and programmable money application scenarios.

A whale withdrew 824,000 HYPE from Coinbase, worth approximately $67.52 million

A whale has withdrawn a total of 824,000 HYPE from Coinbase over the past 17 hours, worth approximately $67.52 million. The wallet has now cumulatively withdrawn approximately 865,840 HYPE from Coinbase, with a total value of approximately $70.64 million.

Nvidia announces acquisition of Hugging Face for $12.93 billion

Nvidia (NVDA.O) CEO Jensen Huang announced that Nvidia has agreed to acquire Hugging Face for $12.93 billion. The two parties will work together to expand the scale of the Hugging Face platform, strengthen its infrastructure, and provide developers and institutions worldwide with broader access to artificial intelligence capabilities. He said Hugging Face will continue to serve as an open platform for the entire AI ecosystem. Developers can choose their preferred models, frameworks, cloud services, inference service providers, and computing platforms. Developing or deploying through Hugging Face does not require the use of Nvidia's computing resources. Nvidia said the equity retention program for Hugging Face employees joining Nvidia is up to $1 billion. The transaction is expected to be completed in the first half of 2027, pending regulatory approval. Earlier reports said people familiar with the matter revealed that Nvidia agreed to acquire open-source AI platform Hugging Face for $12.9 billion.

Binance to launch GPRO USDT perpetual contract

Binance will launch the GPROUSDT USDT-margined perpetual contract at 21:45 (UTC+8) on September 3.

U.S. initial jobless claims last week were 206,000, higher than market expectations

U.S. initial jobless claims last week were 206,000, compared with an estimate of 205,000.

Swiss broker Pocket Bitcoin: Bank transfer information and identification documents of more than 5,400 customers exposed, no signs of misuse yet

Swiss brokerage firm Pocket Bitcoin said the previously disclosed security incident led to a data breach affecting more than 5,400 customers, including bank transfer information, and the identification documents and Bitcoin addresses of some customers were also exposed. The company said the investigation has been completed and there are currently no signs that the data has been misused.

Robinhood (HOOD) stock rises 6.90% intraday, now at $114.39

According to Binance market data, Robinhood (HOOD) stock rose 6.90% intraday and is now at $114.39.

Circle (CRCL) stock rises 5.25% intraday, now at $93.55

According to Binance market data, Circle (CRCL) stock rose 5.25% intraday and is now at $93.55.

Strategy (MSTR) stock rises 5.03% intraday, now at $129.21

According to Binance market data, Strategy (MSTR) stock rose 5.03% intraday and is now at $129.21.

Coinbase (COIN) stock rises 5.14% intraday, now at $184.42

According to Binance market data, Coinbase (COIN) stock rose 5.14% intraday and is now at $184.42.

SPCX stock rises 5.04% intraday, now at $147.79

According to Binance market data, SPCX stock rose 5.04% intraday and is now at $147.79.

UK's largest retail investment platform Hargreaves Lansdown opens BTC and ETH ETN trading, initially listing 9 products

Hargreaves Lansdown (HL), the UK's largest retail investment platform, has officially opened crypto ETN trading to its approximately 2 million investors, initially listing 9 BTC and ETH ETNs, including products from iShares, WisdomTree, and 21Shares, with annual fees ranging from 0% to 0.35%. These products will be offered to users of its Advanced Investing service, and investors must pass a suitability test and observe a 24-hour cooling-off period on their first trade. Last October, Hargreaves Lansdown warned retail investors against investing in cryptocurrencies.

Abraxas Capital bought more than 16,000 ETH in the past 12 hours, worth approximately $39.8 million

In the past 12 hours, Abraxas Capital bought another 16,554 ETH (worth $39.8 million). At the same time, its two hedging accounts on Hyperliquid hold a combined short position of 120,178 ETH, worth $291.4 million.

BitMine (BMNR) stock rose 9.86% intraday and is now at $25.38

According to Binance market data, BitMine (BMNR) stock rose 9.86% intraday and is now at $25.38.

MARA stock rose 9.58% intraday and is now at $11.43

According to Binance market data, MARA stock rose 9.58% intraday and is now at $11.43.

Riot Platforms (RIOT) stock rose 6.84% intraday and is now at $19.91

According to Binance market data, Riot Platforms (RIOT) stock rose 6.84% intraday and is now at $19.91.

Tesla (TSLA) stock rose 6.03% intraday and is now at $378.68

According to Binance market data, Tesla (TSLA) stock rose 6.03% intraday and is now at $378.68.

Grok is experiencing an outage, with some features running slowly or unavailable, and the team is urgently working on a fix

Grok is currently experiencing an outage. Due to a data center disruption, some Grok features may be running slowly or unavailable. The team is working hard to fix the issue.

BTC breaks above $80,000, up 3.51% on the day

OKX market data shows that BTC has just broken above $80,000 and is now at $80,005.10 per coin, up 3.51% on the day.

Total liquidations across the network exceeded $100 million in the past hour, mainly short liquidations

PANews, September 3 - According to Coinglass data, as Bitcoin broke above $80,000, total liquidations across the network reached $128 million in the past hour, including $116 million in short liquidations and $12.2 million in long liquidations. In addition, Bitcoin liquidations amounted to $64.83 million, and Ethereum liquidations amounted to $36.01 million.

ETH breaks above $2,500, up 4.58% on the day

OKX market data shows that ETH has just broken above $2,500 and is now at $2,500.72 per coin, up 4.58% on the day.

OpenAI, Anthropic, and several other AI companies are experiencing service outages

User reports on Downdetector and company status pages show that multiple AI companies are experiencing service outages. OpenAI said its ChatGPT and Codex are currently experiencing issues. Anthropic said it is investigating errors with Claude and is working on a fix. SpaceXAI said Grok is currently experiencing an outage and is investigating the service disruption. According to Downdetector, more than 12,000 user reports have indicated problems with OpenAI, about 1,200 reports concern Claude, and about 1,000 reports concern Grok.

OpenAI releases teaser for Astra model, possibly named GPT-6-Astra

OpenAI posted a video on X teasing the upcoming release of the Astra model (the video content switches between ASTRA and A6TRA), and the model name may be GPT-6-Astra.

Machi Big Brother added to his Bitcoin long position and closed his HYPE long, with overall unrealized profit now exceeding $3.5 million

PANews, September 3 - According to on-chain data monitoring, as Bitcoin and Ethereum prices rose, Machi Big Brother Huang Licheng's unrealized profit on long positions increased. He has now closed the HYPE long position he previously opened and added to his Bitcoin long position, with overall unrealized profit of about $3.755 million and a return on investment of 79.03%: 1. 25x leveraged Ethereum long position, holding 38,600 ETH, with unrealized profit of $2.584 million; 2. 40x leveraged Bitcoin long position, holding 455 BTC, with unrealized profit of $1.171 million.

BTC breaks above $81,000, up 4.82% on the day

OKX market data shows that BTC has just broken above $81,000 and is now at $81,020.60 per coin, up 4.82% on the day.

Analysis: Yen strength boosts Bitcoin's rise, but beware of yen carry trade unwinding risk

The yen's sharp strengthening has driven broad dollar weakness, with Bitcoin and gold rising in tandem; however, if the yen surges sharply in a disorderly manner, it could trigger large-scale unwinding of yen carry trades, increasing pressure on risk assets. An interesting pattern has emerged in global financial markets: the yen is strengthening across the board, while Bitcoin (BTC currently at $78,535.67) and gold are rising in tandem, breaking the traditional market perception that "yen strength represents risk aversion." The core driver of this move comes from the yen's impact on the US Dollar Index (DXY). Dollar weakness is generally favorable for dollar-denominated assets such as Bitcoin, while also loosening global financial conditions and boosting market risk appetite; conversely, dollar strength tends to suppress Bitcoin's performance. However, the market needs to be wary of the reversal risk brought by rapid yen strengthening. Over the past decade or more, a large number of traders have borrowed low-cost yen to go long in stocks, bonds, and even cryptocurrency markets. Once the yen rises sharply in a disorderly manner, these yen carry trade positions will be unwound in a concentrated fashion: foreign investors who borrowed yen to buy Japanese stocks may sell and exit, and domestic traders who used low-interest yen to deploy overseas assets will also liquidate their holdings, shifting the market toward risk aversion.

Stablecoin payment infrastructure startup Diameter Pay completes $10 million Series A funding

Stablecoin payment infrastructure startup Diameter Pay has completed a $10 million Series A funding round, co-led by CMT Digital and Lightspeed Faction, with participation from SixThirty Ventures, Stellar Development Foundation, Tech Council Ventures, Onigiri Capital, and BitRock Capital. This is Diameter Pay's first funding round since its founding. Company founder and CEO David Lighton said the company had previously been self-funded. This round began in April this year and was completed in July, structured as an equity transaction, with the specific post-money valuation undisclosed. Founded in 2023, the company primarily provides payment infrastructure for banks, fintech companies, and digital asset exchanges, helping clients access USD virtual accounts, domestic and cross-border payments, stablecoin on/off-ramps, and compliance controls through US banking partners. Its USD virtual accounts allow overseas fintech companies to offer USD accounts to their own customers, while Diameter Pay handles the underlying compliance and payment controls, and can connect to stablecoin infrastructure.

Nvidia to launch Rtx Spark Windows PC in October 2026

Nvidia announced that its Nvidia Rtx Spark Windows PC will be launched in October 2026.

Yi Lihua: The bull market trend has already begun, but Bitcoin's resistance level remains around $86,000

Liquid Capital founder Yi Lihua posted on X stating that Bitcoin dropped to $76,300 and then rebounded at the support level. Regardless, as expected, after the pullback it will continue to rise, with the resistance level above still around $86,000. If it cannot strongly break through $86,000, it may be time to consider this upward pullback opportunity. The market is always changing, but regardless, the bull market trend has already begun.

On-chain bank OpenReserve completes $25 million seed round led by a16z crypto

On-chain bank OpenReserve announced the completion of a $25 million seed round led by a16z crypto, with participation from Jump Capital, Acrew, Coinbase Ventures, Clocktower, Quona, and Middle East venture fund AAF Management. OpenReserve aims to build a bank that "never closes," with a core ledger using a programmable blockchain-like architecture that supports continuous settlement, instant fund transfers, and atomic transactions driven by stablecoins and tokenized deposits, while providing on-chain credit through a regulated bank balance sheet. a16z Crypto believes that over the past 30 years, the internet has reshaped retail, communications, and payments, but bank back-end infrastructure still relies heavily on the traditional banking system, and mechanisms such as bank business hours and ACH and wire transfer settlement speeds can no longer meet the needs of the internet economy.

"Set 10 big goals first": Bitcoin targets $100,000

Whale "Set 10 big goals first" posted on X stating that Bitcoin has held firmly above $80,000 and is targeting $100,000, calling it "the last chance to get on board."

$1 coins featuring Trump's portrait begin circulating

The U.S. Mint announced that $1 coins featuring Trump's portrait have now entered circulation and are available for purchase, commemorating the 250th anniversary of the founding of the United States. This is the first time since 1866 that a living person has appeared on U.S. currency. The coins are sold in packs of 25 or 100, with a starting price of $61. The obverse features Trump's portrait, and the reverse features the presidential seal design, with the number "250" engraved on the shield. It is reported that Trump has proposed issuing a $250 bill bearing his portrait, a move that, if successful, would make him the first living person in centuries to appear on U.S. paper currency.

Iran's Hormuz Strait fee proposal quietly rejected by Oman

Oman has quietly rejected Iran's proposal to charge service fees to commercial vessels in the Strait of Hormuz. Informed regional officials said Oman refused to agree to collect environmental and security service fees, even on a voluntary basis, and that earlier claims by the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps that the two sides had reached an agreement were untrue. Previously, after talks between Iranian Foreign Minister Araghchi and Omani Foreign Minister Busaidi in Tehran, IRGC spokesman Hosseini said the two countries had reached an agreement on the division of waters in the Strait of Hormuz and revenue distribution.

OpenAI releases GPT-6 Astra model, says it may be close to achieving AGI

In the early hours of Friday, Beijing time, OpenAI officially released GPT-6 Astra, calling it "the most intelligent and most aligned model in the world today," reaching current state-of-the-art levels in computer operation, web browsing, software engineering, cybersecurity, scientific research, and professional work. GPT-6 Astra is available starting today to select enterprises participating in the cybersecurity program Daybreak, and will subsequently be rolled out to all ChatGPT subscribers "within the coming days," while also providing API access through its own channels and Amazon Web Services. There is also a GPT-6 Astra Pro model, available only to ChatGPT Pro and enterprise subscribers. OpenAI co-founder and President Greg Brockman said the timeline for achieving artificial general intelligence (AGI) has always been ambiguous, but "looking back a few years from now," this milestone "may be right around this period, right around this model." GPT-6 Astra is priced at $10 per million input tokens and $50 per million output tokens, 2.5 times the price of the previous flagship model GPT-5.6 Sol. OpenAI said the AI industry may shift in the future to charging by task rather than by token. Brockman said at the launch event: "Welcome to the AGI era."

Pons: Uniswap Labs has purchased PONS tokens to deepen cooperation between the two parties

Pons, the Robinhood Chain token issuance platform, announced that Pons and Uniswap have deepened their partnership, and Uniswap Labs has purchased PONS tokens to align long-term interests.

Coinbase plans to launch single-stock perpetual contracts in the U.S., has submitted relevant SEC registration documents

Coinbase posted on X stating that the company is working to bring single-stock perpetual contracts to the U.S. market and has submitted SEC notice registrations this week for its derivatives exchange and broker. Coinbase said it will work closely with the SEC and CFTC to bring more major financial products to the U.S.

Ethena fee switch proposal passes unanimously, programmatic ENA buybacks to begin soon

The Ethena Foundation announced that the fee switch proposal has been approved unanimously. The relevant conditions have now been activated, and programmatic ENA buybacks will begin, gradually scaling up as metrics and milestones are achieved. Previously on August 28, it was reported that Ethena's new fee switch plans to trigger ENA buybacks in tiers based on USDe supply. Backtesting showed that during the period when the switch was active, the annualized buyback scale was approximately $52.7 million, equivalent to 3.36% of ENA's market cap at the reported price.

Revolut receives conditional approval for national bank charter from U.S. OCC, plans to launch U.S. bank in H1 2027

British fintech company Revolut has received conditional approval from the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) to obtain a U.S. national bank charter, with plans to launch full banking services in the first half of 2027. Revolut U.S. CEO Cetin Duransoy said that after OCC conditional approval, the company still needs approval from the FDIC and the Federal Reserve. Revolut has 80 million customers globally. The new bank will be based in Stamford, Connecticut, with approximately $95 million in capital injected and an initial team of about 160 people. Products will include checking accounts, installment loans, credit cards, foreign exchange services, and stablecoins. Revolut obtained a banking license in France last month and received banking authorization in the UK in March.

Strive CEO: Company expected to become the world's second-largest listed Bitcoin holder by year-end

Strive CEO Matt Cole said that after the company increased its holdings by 3,156 BTC in August, it is expected to become the world's second-largest listed Bitcoin holding institution by year-end. Cole noted that Strive has over $700 million in warrants expiring in mid-October. If the stock price breaks above the $27 exercise price, it will bring the company hundreds of millions of dollars in funds to buy Bitcoin, which, combined with $700 million in digital credit capacity, could form a total potential purchasing power of $1.4 billion. Strive currently holds a total of 23,156 BTC, ranking as the fifth-largest Bitcoin holder among listed companies. If it maintains weekly purchases of about 1,200 BTC, it is expected to surpass Twenty One Capital (43,514 BTC) to become second. Cole predicts Bitcoin could exceed $500,000 before 2030. Strive's stock price hit a year-to-date high of $26.84 on Thursday, less than 1% from the exercise price. ASST has outperformed the average of the top ten listed Bitcoin treasury companies by 82% this year.

Jiang Zhuoer: Has sold all BTC positions at $82,050, will watch $70,000 to $72,000 next

Jiang Zhuoer, founder of LTBTC Pool (B.TOP), shared his recent trading operations, saying that he has sold 100% of his BTC position when the Bitcoin price was around $82,050. This shift from previously "not shorting ETH" to shorting BTC was mainly because ETH's price movements were relatively volatile; at the same time, after BTC ETF capital showed weakness and experienced its first outflow, BTC instead rose to near the upper edge of the box around $81,500, forming a relatively good selling opportunity. In addition, he believes that this round of BTC consolidation lasted only about 13 days, which is not enough time to break through the important resistance level of $83,000 to $84,000, and after breaking through $82,000, a short-term upward wick pattern appeared, which was a relatively good trading signal. Regarding the subsequent trend, Jiang Zhuoer believes: BTC will first pull back to the $70,000 to $72,000 range, which he regards as the "last chance to get on board"; afterward, it may fluctuate in the $76,000 to $82,000 range and look for take-profit positions; if the price further rises to $83,000 to $84,000, then $82,300 will be used as a stop-loss reference.

AI data center developer Crusoe completes $3 billion financing at a $30 billion valuation

AI data center developer Crusoe has completed a $3 billion financing round at a valuation of $30 billion, co-led by Atreides Management and Valor Equity Partners, with participation from Mubadala Capital, which is under the Abu Dhabi sovereign wealth fund. Crusoe's customers include Meta, Microsoft, and OpenAI, and it recently signed a five-year, $13 billion GPU and AI infrastructure cloud contract with quantitative trading giant Jane Street. This financing comes only 10 months after its $1.38 billion round at a $10 billion valuation last October. Crusoe was founded in 2018 and initially used stranded natural gas for Bitcoin mining, later transforming into an AI infrastructure and cloud service provider, known for developing hyperscale data center campuses. Axios reported last month that Crusoe has met with investment banks including Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley to discuss a possible near-term IPO.

A certain whale has liquidated all 167,800 ETH over the past 5 days, worth about $408 million

A mysterious Ethereum whale has liquidated all 167,800 ETH ($408 million) over the past 5 days.

Robinhood Chain's single-day gas fees surge, up 82 times in 11 days

Robinhood Chain users paid $4.45 million in gas fees on September 2, exceeding the combined total of Ethereum, Solana, and Tron, and 82 times the level on August 22. The growth was mainly driven by rising gas prices - trading volume grew 36%, while base fees rose 23x. Robinhood currently covers gas fees for its wallet users, and this subsidy will end on September 29.

Notional Finance custody contract suspected of being attacked, with losses of about $1.7 million

Notional Finance's custody contract is suspected of being attacked, with about $1.7 million in DAI and USDC stolen. The attacker has swapped the stolen funds for 689.2 ETH and deposited them into the Tornado Cash mixing protocol.

Thinking Machines, founded by former OpenAI CTO, is in talks to raise $1 billion at a $40 billion valuation

Thinking Machines, the AI lab founded by former OpenAI CTO Mira Murati, is in talks to raise $1 billion at a valuation of at least $40 billion, led by existing investor Accel. The company was founded early last year and launched its open-weight model Inkling in July, charging for compute usage through its Tinker platform, with annualized revenue exceeding $100 million. Previously, Thinking Machines completed a $2 billion financing round at a $12 billion valuation, led by a16z, with participation from Nvidia, GV, and others. Since then, multiple co-founders including Lilian Weng and Luke Metz have returned to OpenAI. If this round is completed, the valuation will be lower than the $50 billion target rumored late last year.

Polymarket launches perpetual contracts, covering crypto assets, stocks, commodities, and more

Polymarket posted on X that Polymarket perpetual contracts are now officially live, supporting up to 20x leverage and covering crypto assets, stocks, commodities, and more. Users can go long Bitcoin, predict Fed policy, short the S&P 500, and more on its platform.

Crypto trading terminal single-day trading volume exceeds $1 billion for the first time since January 2025

Crypto trading terminal single-day trading volume exceeded $1 billion on September 2, the first time since January 2025. GMGN contributed $479.7 million (nearly half of the total), with 91% of its trading volume coming from Robinhood Chain, whereas 30 days ago that chain accounted for only $18.2 million. GMGN's Solana trading volume was only $9.5 million, flat compared with 30 days ago. Robinhood Chain's own DEX trading volume hit a record $1.67 billion on September 1, with $1.55 billion over the past 24 hours and a 30-day total trading volume of $20.36 billion (up 34.9% month-over-month), ranking second among all networks, behind only Solana's $2.29 billion.

Multicoin Capital suspected of selling $112 million in HYPE since July 28, with estimated profit of $64.08 million

Multicoin Capital has been suspected of selling $112 million in HYPE since July 28, with an estimated profit of $64.08 million and a return rate exceeding 134%. The entity accumulated 4.95 million HYPE from Galaxy Digital at an average price of $32.32 between January and July this year, and has been taking profits in batches on exchanges as the token price rose. Most recently, it deposited about 150,000 HYPE ($12.78 million) to Coinbase 3 hours ago.

Fidelity: Bitcoin bear market may not be over, could retest new lows in November

Fidelity Digital Assets released its Q4 crypto market outlook, noting that Bitcoin and crypto markets rose sharply in late August, with BTC, ETH, and other major tokens recording their largest monthly gains since late 2025. Some investors are watching whether November will form a bear market bottom (based on the 4-year cycle theory), but Fidelity cautions that this pattern may not necessarily repeat - the bottom may have already appeared in July, or it could make new lows in November or later. Fidelity noted that historically, bear market endings are usually accompanied by upward price expansion after a period of low volatility. In late August, BTC rose more than 25% in a single week, while ETH and SOL rose 34.1% and 28% respectively. Recent potential negatives such as hardware wallet security incidents and the stalled CLARITY Act have not pushed prices lower, which may further reinforce the judgment that crypto assets are near a bottom. Stablecoin transaction volume has reached 2.3 times that of Visa, the RWA market is growing faster in 2026 than in previous years, and on-chain adoption continues to grow. The CLARITY Act is still under Senate review, and the SEC proposed the Regulation Crypto Assets proposal last week. Fidelity advises investors to maintain a long-term perspective.

Smart ring maker Oura files for U.S. IPO, plans to list on Nasdaq

Smart ring maker Oura has filed for a U.S. IPO, with documents showing revenue of $1.21 billion for the nine months ended June 30, and a net loss attributable to shareholders of $924 million (compared with a loss of $183 million in the same period last year). Oura sold about 3.6 million rings over the past year, with the Oura Ring 5 retailing from $399, and has over 5 million paying members. Oura confidentially filed for its IPO in May, and Bloomberg reported that the listing could raise up to $3 billion at a valuation exceeding $16 billion, with an expected Nasdaq listing under the ticker OURA. Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, JPMorgan, and others are serving as underwriters. Oura announced on Wednesday that it is expanding its board, bringing in executives from Netflix and Robinhood.

UNI has rebounded 98% from its bottom this month, and a new address bought $4.277 million in UNI chasing the rally

UNI has rebounded 98% from its bottom this month. New address 0xc86...F4972 withdrew 676,874 UNI from Binance 2 hours ago, worth $4.277 million, at an average price of $6.32.

Tesla Cybercab begins operations in Austin, targeting a price below $30,000

Tesla announced on September 3 local time that the Cybercab, its autonomous electric vehicle, has officially entered operation in Austin, United States. Tesla stated that this model requires no steering wheel, pedals, or rearview mirrors, and will handle more travel demand with higher usage efficiency. According to an earlier report by Kechuang Daily, in terms of Cybercab costs, the target selling price is below $30,000, with operating costs controlled within $0.2 per mile. If this cost target is achieved, it will directly affect the economic calculations of the Robotaxi model relative to human-driven ride-hailing services, providing a cost foundation for large-scale operations.